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<h1>Package Manager and Distribution包管理器与发行版</h1>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

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<li><a href="#aosp-android-vs-linux-linux-distro"><code>AOSP</code> =&gt; <code>Android</code> VS <code>Linux</code> =&gt; <code>Linux Distro</code></a></li>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<h2><code>AOSP</code> =&gt; <code>Android</code> VS <code>Linux</code> =&gt; <code>Linux Distro</code></h2>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>Android</mtext><mo>≈</mo><mtext>AOSP</mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext>GMS</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\text{Android} \approx \text{AOSP} + \text{GMS}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Android</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≈</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7667em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">AOSP</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">GMS</span></span></span></span></span>
<ul>
<li><code>AOSP(Android Open Source Project)</code></li>
<li><code>GMS(Google Mobile Services)</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mtext>Linux Distro</mtext><mo>≈</mo><mtext>GNU/Linux</mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext>Package Manager</mtext><mo>+</mo><mtext>Applications</mtext></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\text{Linux Distro} \approx \text{GNU/Linux} + \text{Package Manager} + \text{Applications}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Linux Distro</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≈</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">GNU/Linux</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Package Manager</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">Applications</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<p><img src="./.assets/image/android_stack_480.png" alt="" style="height:540px;" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://source.android.com/">About the Android Open Source Project</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<h2>Package Manager</h2>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<h3><code>Linux</code>软件安装方式</h3>
<ol>
<li>可执行文件复制安装：<code>cp</code>/<code>mv</code></li>
<li>源码编译安装：<code>./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</code></li>
<li>软件包（安装包）安装：将可执行文件、配置文档和帮助文档等打包成一个软件包文件，用户通过相应的<code>package manager</code>执行软件的安装、卸载、升级和查询等操作</li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<h3><code>yum</code>/<code>dnf</code>, <code>apt</code>,<code>pacman</code> and <code>snap</code></h3>
<ol>
<li><code>.rpm</code>：<code>RPM(RedHat Package Manager)</code>（离线安装），<code>YUM(Yellowdog Updater, Modified)</code>/<code>DNF(Dandified YUM)</code>（在线安装）</li>
<li><code>.deb</code>：<code>DPKG(Debian PacKaGer)</code>（离线安装）, <code>APT(Advanced Package Tool)</code>（在线安装）</li>
<li><code>.pacnew</code>：<code>PACMAN(PACkage MANager)</code>（在线安装）</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum_(software)">yum (software)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APT_(software)">APT (software)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Linux#Pacman">Arch Linux#Pacman</a></li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li><code>.snap</code>：<code>snap</code></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_(package_manager)">Snap (package manager)</a></p>
</blockquote>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<h3><code>deb-based</code></h3>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<h4><code>Debian</code></h4>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian">Debian</a></p>
</blockquote>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<h4><code>Ubuntu</code></h4>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li><code>Ubuntu</code>由英国<code>Canonical</code>公司发布，他们提供商业支持。它是基于自由软件，其名称来自非洲南部祖鲁语或科萨语的“Ubuntu”一词（译为“乌班图”），意思是“人性”、“我的存在是因为大家的存在”，是非洲传统的一种价值观</li>
<li><code>Canonical</code>由南非企业家<code>Mark Shuttleworth</code>创立</li>
<li>2004-10-20发布首个版本<code>Ubuntu 4.10</code>，以<code>Debian</code>为开发蓝本，第半年发布新版本（4月、10月），版本号由发布年月组成</li>
<li>2005-07-08成立<code>Ubuntu基金会</code></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/Ubuntu">Wikipedia: Ubuntu</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li><code>Ubuntu Desktop</code></li>
<li><code>Ubuntu Server</code></li>
<li><code>Ubuntu for IoT</code></li>
<li><code>Ubuntu Cloud</code></li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<h4><code>Ubuntu Desktop</code> VS <code>Ubuntu Server</code></h4>
<ol>
<li>The first difference is in the CD contents. The &quot;Server&quot; CD avoids including what Ubuntu considers desktop packages (packages like X, Gnome or KDE), but does include server related packages (Apache2, Bind9 and so on). Using a Desktop CD with a minimal installation and installing, for example, apache2 from the network, one can obtain the exact same result that can be obtained by inserting the Server CD and installing apache2 from the CD-ROM.</li>
<li>The Ubuntu Server Edition installation process is slightly different from the Desktop Edition. Since by default Ubuntu Server doesn't have a GUI, the process is menu driven, very similar to the Alternate CD installation process.</li>
</ol>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li>Before 12.04, Ubuntu server installs a server-optimized kernel by default. Since 12.04, there is no difference in kernel between Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Server since linux-image-server is merged into linux-image-generic.</li>
<li>For Ubuntu LTS releases before 12.04, the Ubuntu Desktop Edition only receives 3 years of support. This was increased to 5 years in Ubuntu LTS 12.04 In contrast, all Ubuntu LTS Server Edition releases are supported for 5 years.</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ServerFaq#What.27s_the_difference_between_desktop_and_server.3F">What's the difference between desktop and server?</a></p>
</blockquote>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<h3><code>rpm-based</code></h3>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li>Server
<ol>
<li><code>RHEL</code>(RedHat Enterprise Linux)：升级等服务收费</li>
<li><code>CentOS</code>(Community ENTerprise Operating System)：<code>RHEL</code>的裁剪重编译版</li>
<li><code>SUSE</code>：<code>SUSE Software Solutions Germany GmbH</code>公司</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Desktop
<ol>
<li><code>Fedora</code>：社区版</li>
<li><code>SUSE desktop</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="./.assets/image/260px-A_fedora_hat,_made_by_Borsalino.jpg" alt="" style="height:200px;" /></p>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<ol>
<li>CentOS Linux 8, as a rebuild of RHEL 8, will end at the end of 2021. CentOS Stream continues after that date, serving as the upstream (development) branch of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.</li>
<li><code>CentOS</code>创建者<code>Gregory M. Kurtzer</code>名为<code>Rocky Linux</code>的新项目</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://blog.centos.org/2020/12/future-is-centos-stream/">CentOS Project shifts focus to CentOS Stream</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<p><img src="./.assets/image/centos-stream-relationship-to-rhel.png" alt="" style="height:550px;" /></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://linuxiac.com/centos-stream/">CentOS Stream: Everything You Need to Know About it</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<p><img src="./.assets/image/fedora-centos-stream-rhel.png" alt="" style="width:1120px;" /></p>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<h3><code>Arch Linux</code></h3>
<ol>
<li><code>pacman</code></li>
</ol>
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</section>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<h3><code>Alpine Linux</code></h3>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>
<p><code>Alpine Linux</code> is a <code>Linux distribution</code> based on <code>musl</code> and <code>BusyBox</code>, designed for security, simplicity, and resource efficiency</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_Linux">Alpine Linux</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header><em>Package Manager and Distribution</em></header>

<p><strong><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> Thank You <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="✨" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2728.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></strong></p>
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<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
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